风的传人

1.你不可能公正的执行一部恶法。 2. E：“今天发生的一切都没有意义。” H：“那是因为你自己没有意义。你只是一个袖筒里什么也没有的幽灵。为所有人们感觉渴望或为之奋斗的东西，都施以嘲笑。我真可怜你。” E：“可怜我？” H：“难道没有什么东西能够触动你、温暖你吗？每个人都有自己的梦想，你的梦想是什么？你需要什么？” E：“.......” H：“你什么都不需要，是吗？朋友、爱一个可以倚靠的信念？你这个可怜的家伙。你完全就是孤身一人.....等你入土，没有人会去你的坟墓那里，然后为你的坟头除草；没有人为你默哀，没有人会在乎。你完全是孤身一人......”

“布拉迪先生，报纸行业的职责就是抚慰那些受害者。而折磨那些安逸的。” “德鲁蒙德先生，我们向你保证，我们不同意你的想法，我们依然万分尊重你表达的权利。” “语言本身就是一个烂的不行的交流手段了，所以我觉得我们应该又什么话就说什么，另外有那么几个词，可是是个人都会明白的！” “你学到了一点东西吧，科特斯，造就英雄的就是这些幻觉。” “好吧，我们面对现实吧！早知道你加入这场战斗，都是你自己选择的结果，你不是因为他的头条，或者我的任务才这样的，甚至不是因为他们的孩子，你加入的原因是因为你自己，是因为你所相信的一些东西。” “感谢你，亲爱的主，亲爱的天父，所有的祝福都是源自你，对你的所有奖赏，请让我们配得上你的恩典，阿门。继续吃吧，亨利，我也为你祈求了恩典。”

“德鲁蒙德上校，自由思考的权利可没有在此受审。” “我对法庭没有丝毫冒犯之意，先生，我认为自由思考的权利确实正在受审，而且就现在法庭上的进度来看，它的处境还很危险。受审的是一个在自由思考的人，而且他现在面临着罚款和牢狱之灾，就因为他说出了心中所想！” “他可是我唯一知道的能够坐着还觉得自己高人一等的。” “对错对于我来说一点意义都没有，但是真理又意义，作为我们前景的方向！但是，这是我们这个时代一种很奇特的愚蠢现象，我们将一种道德标准置于人类行为之上，这样所有人的所做所为，都必须被这种独断的对的标准还有错的标准来一点一点地进行判断。”

“或许有一天你会明白的。” “宗教应该让人的心灵得到安慰，而不是一直恐吓他们。” “不是上帝创造了人，而是人创造了上帝。”人用自己的专断，创造了一个充满仇恨的上帝。并用自己心中的黑暗创造出了恶魔。 “我要说的是你根本无法公正地执行一部恶法，你只能毁灭，你只能惩罚，而且我警告你，一切恶法，就如同瘟疫一样，会毁灭一切所接触的人，无论是它的反对者，还是它的马前卒。” “如果你针对进化论来立法，然后禁止在公立学校里面教授它，随后你就可以禁止在私立学校里面教授它，然后你连阅读进化论都禁止掉，然后你可以禁止办报和出书，然后你可以让天主教徒反对新教徒，还可以让新教徒反对新教徒，然后还可以尝试将你自己的宗教强加在所有人的身心之上。如果你可以做到这一点，你完全就可以做到另一点，因为愚昧和狂热是永不止歇的，并且永远饥渴。然后，很快，法官大人，到来的将是满天的禁令，还有满耳歌功颂德。我们就要大步地开始倒退了！倒退！沿着16世纪光荣的道路，回到盲信徒们群起烧死那些胆敢为人类带来启蒙的人们的时代。”

“我希望律师先生不是在暗示说，本法庭是专断的。” “世界上的流氓们，联合起来，我们除了你们之中的智者，没什么给你们烧的。看看吧，就是这些蠢货，编写了我们的法律，这可是民主的进程。” “我真希望我有你这样井底之蛙的历史观，这让事情简单多了。” “我的朋友们，我相信的那个人来到这个世界，就是为了拯救世人于罪恶，他教导我们宽容是一种美德。我相信那些原则，我接受德鲁蒙德上校的道歉。” “如果你渴了，可以到我这里来，我会给你以生命。”所以他才在这世界上没有敌人，只有他的朋友才仇恨他。 “上帝啊，请你降下神迹，拯救我们的先知吧！”“赶快找医生来！”

“真是不能想象这个世界没有布拉迪的样子。他是因为他说的那些话死的吗？”“他是死于胃张。”“以前他曾经是那么地高尚。”“我在讣告里能这么说吗？”“随便你吧，你想写什么就写吧。” “扰害己家的，必承受清风，愚昧人必做慧心人的仆人。” “我真是有点受够你了，你除了要破坏一点什么东西，似乎从来都不会主动做任何事情。” “我的天呐，难道你就不能明白，今天所发生的一切的意义吗？（这一切毫无意义！）那是因为你自己毫无意义，你只是一个袖筒里面什么也没有的幽静，对所有人们感觉渴望或为之奋斗的东西，都施以嘲笑，我真可怜你！（你可怜我吗？）难道就没有什么能够触动你，能够温暖你吗？每个人都有自己的梦想，你的梦想是什么？你需要什么？你什么都不需要，是吗？朋友、爱一个可以依靠的信念。你这个可怜的家伙，你完全就是孤身一人。等你入土以后，没有人会去你的坟墓那里，然后为你的坟头除草，没人会为你默哀，没人会在乎，你完全是孤身一人！”

“你错了，亨利，你会去的，你就是那种人，还有谁会捍卫我孤身一人的权利呢？”

Throughout history, humans have undergone a constant evolutionary process in regards to ways in which we view the world. The play Inherit The Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee conveys how modern ideologies experience turbulence when first presented. Often times the past has revealed that humans are inherently skeptical and resistant to progressive ideas. The 1950’s, in which the play was written, sets a tone that illustrates how ignorance, loss of power, and fear of uncertainty heightens anxiety and causes the characters in Inherit The Wind to remain stagnant in their views.

Ignorance is the main factor that contributes in further perpetuating any conservative society. Southern states of America have had a track record of being regressive and reluctant to change. Whether it be civil rights laws, laws in regard to sexuality or the banning of evolution being taught in schools, the south has always had a slower progression than Northern states. The setting of the Inherit the Wind is Hillsboro, Tennessee, a small town in southern United States. The five most illiterate cities in the United States are either southern cities or small towns. Small town culture in the 1950s further signifies that people would tend to have conservative and outdated ideologies by living amongst a smaller population. This lack of public knowledge is represented during the play through a conversation between Drummond and Bannister. Drummond asked him if he had ever read the Bible before, and Bannister answered: “Can’t read.” (page 39）Bannister represents ordinary people in southern United States at that time. Therefore, given the understanding that many people were illiterate, a sense of unsafety would result as well. This fear caused by ignorance leaves these uneducated folks vulnerable and incapable of challenging dominant ideologies.

Entertainment is a way to escape from the shadow of war that limits the depth and breadth of thinking. The 1950s was the introduction and popularization for many forms of entertainment. Televisions became a household item, and for the first time in human history is was common for everyone to own a radio. This wide spread entertainment culture is portrayed in Lawrence and Lee’s play. For instance, when people talked about the trial, they commented: “Everyone says it is going to be a show.” In this case, they were unconcerned about the actual truth of the trial. Instead, the people of the town viewed it as a talking point, that would be a source of entertainment. The ignorance caused by a strong focus on entertainment value gradually causes the public to see things from a superficial layer. There is little mention or talk about the evolution theory or of it’s specifics and validity. Thus fear of change is going to be produced by wrapping up in their thought-forms. As a result, people choose to not to think outside of daily life, this will only results the same social status. Due to the special geographical areas of the play and mass entertainment in the 1950s, the sense of unsafety and indifference of truth brings little change to the society.

Christianity is the dominant religion in American society. During the 1950’s Christianity’s influence on the public was powerful, religious leaders were intimidated by deconstruction of power and everyday people suffered from cognitive dissonance.

The fear in real life comes from losing status and power. For example, the authors create the character Brady that fulfills the archetype of William Jenning Bryan in history, Bryan was both a democratic presidential candidate and a fundamentalist. In the powerful years for Christian society during first half of 20th century, it seemed reasonable to say that he could achieve such high position due to their identity as a fundamentalist. Bryan is the expert of a specific and special subject - the Bible, which means once the society does not recognize the Bible any more, the Christian society would collapse. Therefore, teaching the theory of evolution has been banned in American classrooms in Tennessee by the strong supports of Bryan from 1925 to 1967. Based on the image of Bryan, the character Brady whom is developed by the author once said to public: “I am here to defend that which is most precious in the hearts of all the Living Truth of the Scriptures.” (page 20) It is not hard to see that words like “most” and “all” indicated the anxious heart of Brady to maintain the Bible. Both of them believed that as long as people know nothing about the theory of evolution, the Bible is still the only truth in the world and Christians would continue to rule the society.

On the other hand, cognitive dissonance is another factor that inhibits the progress of modern thoughts. Before the 60’s and the 70’s revolution, people in America haven’t yet gone through a social upheaval. As faithful fundamentalists, they have been taught to believe in the Bible from childhood and they reject any opposing views to their faith. The theory of evolution indicates that people evolved from monkeys which conflicts with the Bible which states that God created human beings. Many people who belong to a particular religion have a hard time holding two conflicting thoughts. Brady once mentions “The bible satisfies me, it is enough”, this quote is revealing that religion provides a sense of comfort. Given this understanding, it is easy to comprehend why people become so dismissive to new ideas. Hillsboro finds difficulty in making steps towards change because of the threat that loss of power presents as well as the hold cognitive dissonance has on people’s mind.

Uncertainty fuels ideas of instability and fear, the unknown has always plagued human existence. American society was faced with many challenges in the 1950’s due to the threat of communism. In Inherit The Wind, science is used as a parallel to communism because of the shared newfound concepts they presented.

Science is a subject that is endlessly exploring and discovering the new. For some this represents instability and results in uncertainty. Humanity hadn’t experienced the scientific and technological advancements like the 60’s and 70’s, so people were skeptical about science in the 1950s. Religion is different, everything is written in the Bible with certainty, which provides a sense of safety for people. Brady signifies this faith as he says : “Hopeful, I think is the word. We must look hopeful.” This quote further explains why so many people hold their belief, faith can give them the things for certain that science could not provide.

Moreover, Inherit the Wind mirrors the Red Scare during the Cold War in the 1950s. At that time, the Cold War started and the international situation remained tense and turbulent. American society was suffused with the red scare which was the fear of a rising potential of communism that may subvert and take over United States. Therefore, McCarthyism was born, an ideology rooting off all the communists in America. Then, lots of policies has come out to against the communism. It is interesting to notice that the Red Scare and the play shared different stories but the same ideology: fear of change due to uncertainty. The authors used the present as a reference to write this play, the theory of evolution is referred to Communism, and the supporters of McCarthyism is similar to Brady in the play. In Inherit the Wind, Drummond asked Brady about the theory of evolution :‘Never read it?”, Brady answered: “And I never will.” (page 86) These two concepts works similarly in that people were not familiar with the specifics of communism, however they do not like the sense of uncertainty. By exaggerated propaganda of Communism, sweeping all the communists out of America became a major task at that time. Compared to Inherit the Wind, banning not to teach the theory of evolution is the main motive in the society. The resemblance between communism and science as newfound ways of thinking serve as the reason for why people are so reluctant to move forward.

Humans have a tendency to fear change, this has been proven time and time again throughout the course of history. Inherit the Wind exemplifies this fear and parallels it to American society during the 1950’s. Through it’s irony, and satire Lawrence and Lee express their disapproval of the government’s behavior and the mainstream society. The authors use ignorance, loss of power and uncertainty to demonstrate how people can refuse to evolve and grow. Lack of knowledge is attributed to the Southern town culture and the immense entertainment of the 1950s. Moreover, the fear of religious leaders losing status and spirituality causes the society to maintain rigid. More importantly, the panic induced by a sense of uncertainty mainly comes from rapid scientific development and fear of communism. The author used the play as a reflection of 1950s in order to satirize the present, the closed mind eventually propels a conservative society.

辩方律师克鲁蒙德最后同时手持《圣经》和《进化论》微笑的那一幕好温情，耐人寻味。人都要有信仰，可不要歪曲了某些信仰，凡事要有度。啥都不信，未免太冷漠，若不加思索深信不疑未免愚昧。人和动物本质的区别：思考！

影片中有亲情，爱情，友情，有思想有温度（温度不低哦～哈哈哈，看了就知道）两大律师年轻时难道是情敌哈？

中间看到两大律师的辩论，精彩！然后我流下了激动的泪水，因为感觉他们好幸福！可以说出心底的声音！那种自由的环境让人释放！

这部电影也让我对律师这个行业有了新的看法：无畏，敢于接受新事物，只相信真理，不畏世俗，不因看似不合群而惧怕，口才超好，有辩论技巧。司法公正才能促进社会的进步。

总之超爱克鲁蒙德律师！

五星up推荐！

看到这个议题，我就知道一定触碰了很多人的神经，豆瓣的评论也一定会转向言论自由的方向。“上帝既然设计了人有自由的意志又怎么会只让我们相信这一本书？”于是，一些比友邦人士还激动的本邦人就激动起来了，这就是再说我们啊，为什么不能信旁的理念，既然他们可以在神棍国家讨论进化论，我们就不能再进化论国家讨论神棍吗？

我必须说，本片如果只提到了这一点，那么只能说是部神棍电影。就像《我有罪》那种将美国法律无限神圣化，把法律作为圣经的美国电影一样。不，这部电影在全篇对宗教疯子冷嘲热讽的基底下透露了对笃信宗教的人的温情理解。“你有没有想过在这样艰难的时候，这些思想质朴的人靠什么活下去，他们需要一点光，一点确信。”这是两个老人坐在摇椅下，控方律师说的话。宗教虽然在近千年之中造成了罪行，但他的正面意义也是存在的而且还会继续存在下去。这个世界上有太多的可怕的人所无法控制的灾难会降临到人们身上，而就目前或很长一段时间来说，科学是帮不上忙的。这个时候，我们的老朋友宗教就会来抚慰我们受伤的心灵。我们知道很多人因为绝症被判了死刑但他们之中也有很多人又活了很多年。

本片也因此让我觉得站上了一个较高的台阶。即我们要尊重人们不去信仰宗教，同样的我们也要尊重他人信仰宗教的权利。之后在影片结尾，编剧将讨论的层次更上了一层：法官为了选举而立刻放弃了惩罚异教徒的初衷。将惩罚降到了100美元后草草结束，随后整个法庭里充满了欢乐的气氛。这等于解构了整部电影之中的所有议题，同时直指美国社会的核心。那些轰轰烈烈的喊打喊杀的游行、那些高亢激昂的演讲以及各种言辞的对抗和对教义的辩论还有被这股洪流裹挟的恋人和一个孩子的生命，一个小时的各种纠葛，最后就因为选举而迅速消逝。代表大众关注点的电台迅速撤离，一切就像是一瞬间归于平静。以致于控方律师无法接受这个现实，与其说被告教师，现在这个情景才是对他的信仰的全部攻击——没人真的在乎。

所以最后当辩方律师指控记者是个毁灭者的时候，其实就是在指责豆瓣那些把此片和言论自由联系在一起的人，他们不是真的支持自由言论，他们只是抓住了一个机会可以去攻击，可以去宣泄。当然这里并不单纯是指虚无主义或愤世嫉俗，而是对媒体或者渴望掌握流量密码的人说的。因为这些人并非是反对某些人或某些观点，而是反对所有人和所有观点。

于是，整片过后，变成了对自由言论的一次嘲讽。虽然整个案子从一开始就定在了“自由言论”的议题上，但是随着案情的终结，所有的言论都得到了伸张，但所有的言论又都没有伸张。信仰的声音“胃胀气”死了，科学的声音被判败诉，中间的声音只存在于辩方律师自己的心里而虚无主义者占据了媒体准备去抢下一个热闹。所谓的公平公开公正一样都没做到，人民思想的进步也从未开始，所有的人进法庭是什么想法，离开法庭的时候仍然是什么想法。所有人都认为自己是胜利的一方，大家心悦诚服的完成了一次狂欢准备投入下一个议题。这不恰恰是当今欧美社会舆论场的集中体现吗？

言论自由的议题一直是我们社交媒体上津津乐道的话语，可实际上单纯的几个字并不能改变任何东西。就如被告的未婚妻和律师说的“胜诉又如何呢？你生活在外面，而我们生活在这里，我们的孩子在这里出生。”你的言论自由能否被别人听到和他们听到了如何理解本身就是两个层面。将某个信仰或某种制度推翻或消灭是否就代表一个新的制度和信仰的诞生呢？几乎不可能。我想这才是本片所要讨论的，我也感谢他讨论这个议题。

影片最后辩方律师踩着 《Battle Hymn of the Republic》 离开，这是南北战争时的歌曲。我不知道对于1960年代的美国寓意是什么，但放到今天确实恰如其分。

Can't you understand? That if you take a law like evolution and you make it a crime to teach it in the public schools, tomorrow you can make it a crime to teach it in the private schools? And tomorrow you may make it a crime to read about it. And soon you may ban books and newspapers. And then you may turn Catholic against Protestant, and Protestant against Protestant, and try to foist your own religion upon the mind of man. If you can do one, you can do the other. Because fanaticism and ignorance is forever busy, and needs feeding. And soon, your Honor, with banners flying and with drums beating we'll be marching backward, BACKWARD, through the glorious ages of that Sixteenth Century when bigots burned the man who dared bring enlightenment and intelligence to the human mind!